Contents of each CAMEL phase

This document is also available as a Tdoc from CN2#31 - N2-030543.zip

This is an informative document to summarise functionalities of each CAMEL phase.

Note: For more detailed functionalities description the reader should refer to CAMEL specifications TS 22.078 (stage 1), TS 23.078 (stage 2) and TS 29.078 (stage 3).

CAMEL phase 1:

1.1 CAMEL phase 1 functionality:

Functionality
Purpose / supports
Restrictions

Triggering on MO, MT and forwarded calls.

  • Call screening
  • Simple VPN
  • Call Forwarding
  • Call Redirection
  • Call Rerouting
  • Homing of pre-paid calls to HPLMN
  • No IN announcements supported
  • No charging operations
  • Limited set of detection points, e.g. the hunting services are not possible.
  • MT calls trigger in the GMSC only.
  • Not possible to activate Call Forwardings with VPN short codes.

Any Time Interrogation

  • The CSE may request HLR to provide subscriber status and/or location information at any time.
  • The exact location may not be up-to-date unless the mobile has an active call ongoing.
  • CS only

CAMEL phase 2:

2.1 CAMEL phase 2 functionality:

Functionality
Purpose / supports
Restrictions

Triggering on MO, MT and forwarded calls.

  • Call screening
  • VPN for calls
  • Call Forwarding
  • Call Redirection
  • Call Rerouting
  • Follow-on calls
  • In-band user interaction (DTMF)
  • Tones and announcements
  • MT calls trigger in the GMSC only.

Charging operations
  • Pre-paid (MO, MT, CF)
  • Free-phone
  • Premium rate
  • Personal Discount
  • Location Dependent discount
  • Reverse Charging
 -

CSE provided e-parameters
  • MO AoC
 -

New detection points (Abandon, Busy, NotReachable, NoAnswer, RouteSelectFailure cases)
  • Cleaner termination of relationship.
  • Better pre-paid service.
  • Hunting type of services.

-

Triggering criteria

  • To reduce CSE & SSP load

-

Any Time Interrogation

  • The CSE may request HLR to provide subscriber status and/or location information at any time.
  • The exact location may not be up-to-date unless the mobile has an active call ongoing.
  • No call supervision

USSD communication between MS and CSE

  • USSD call-back for pre-paid roaming
  • Control & enquiry of IN services

Control of north American carrier information

  • Enhances pre-paid
  • CSE based carrier selection
  • Selecting correct long distance network for user interaction

Notification of supplementary service (CCBS, ECT, CD and MPTY) invocation to CSE

  • Fraud control

3 CAMEL phase 3:

3.1 CAMEL phase 3 functionality:

Functionality

Purpose / supports

Restrictions

Triggering on MO, MT and forwarded calls.

  • Call screening
  • Full VPN
  • Call Forwarding
  • Call Redirection
  • Call Rerouting
  • Follow-on calls
  • In-band user interaction (DTMF)
  • Tones and announcements

Charging operations
  • Pre-paid (MO, MT, CF)
  • Free-phone
  • Premium rate
  • Personal Discount
  • Location Dependent discount
  • Reverse Charging

CSE provided e-parameters
CAMEL2 new detection points (Abandon, Busy, NotReachable, NoAnswer, RouteSelectFailure cases)
  • Cleaner termination of relationship.
  • Better pre-paid service.
  • Hunting type of services.
CAMEL3 new trigger detection points.
  • To trigger on demand only, e.g. for hunting services.

Triggering criteria
  • To reduce CSE & SSP load

Any Time Interrogation. Enhanced with CAMEL3 current location retrieval, and ATI for GMLC.

  • The CSE may request HLR to provide subscriber status and/or location information at any time.

 

  • CS only

USSD communication between MS and CSE

  • USSD call-back for pre-paid roaming
  • Control & enquiry of IN services

Control of north American carrier information

  • Enhances pre-paid
  • CSE based carrier selection
  • Selecting correct long distance network for user interaction

Notification of supplementary service (CCBS, ECT, CD and MPTY) invocation to CSE

  • Fraud control

Call Gapping

  • To control CSE overload situations within HPLMN

  • For CS calls only. Not for SMS or GPRS.

MT call triggering in VMSC-B

  • To control MT supplementary services (CW, hold, CF, CD, ECT, MPTY)

  • Pre-paid for MT air-time charge (1st minute free, e.g. in USA)

Abandon as an EDP-R

  • Improves charging

Enhanced FreeFormatCharging data (40 octets -> 160 octets)

  • Makes the CSE service logic easier

Reporting of MSRN/FTN to CSE

  • Charging control of optimally routed calls

CSE-HLR interface: ATM/ATSI/NSDC

  • Multiple Subscriber Profile phase 2
  • CSE can control CF, barring supplementary services.
  • Off-line subscription control based on VPLMN / time-of-day
  • Virtual operators

Subscribed dialled services (D-CSI)

  • HPLMN specific service numbers

  • No call supervision

Serving Network Dialled services (N-CSI)

  • VPLMN specific service numbers

  • No call supervision

MO SMS control (CS+PS)

  • Enhances pre-paid.
  • Enhances VPN
  • No MT SMS control.
  • Not content based

Inter-working with GPRS

  • GPRS pre-paid

  • Not content based

CS Mobility management notifications

  • CSE can monitor location / reachability

Service Interaction Indicators

  • CSE can control inter-working with supplementary services (CW, hold, CF, CD, ECT, MPTY).
  • Multiple subscriber profile phase 2

CAMEL phase 4:

4.1 CAMEL phase 4 functionality in Release 5:

Functionality

Purpose / supports

Restrictions

Triggering on MO, MT and forwarded calls.

  • Call screening
  • Full VPN
  • Call Forwarding
  • Call Redirection
  • Call Rerouting
  • Follow-on calls
  • In-band user interaction (DTMF)
  • Tones and announcements

Charging operations
  • Pre-paid (MO, MT, CF)
  • Free-phone
  • Premium rate
  • Personal Discount
  • Location Dependent discount
  • Reverse Charging

CSE provided e-parameters

  • MO & MT AoC

CAMEL2 new detection points (Abandon, Busy, NotReachable, NoAnswer, RouteSelectFailure cases)

  • · Cleaner termination of relationship.

  • · Better pre-paid service.
  • · Hunting type of services.

CAMEL3 new trigger detection points.

  • · To trigger on demand only, e.g. for hunting services.

Triggering criteria

  • · To reduce CSE & SSP load

Any Time Interrogation. Enhanced with CAMEL3 current location retrieval, and ATI for GMLC. CAMEL4 enhances this to PS domain.

  • The CSE may request HLR to provide subscriber status and/or location information at any time.
  •  ATI for GMLC

USSD communication between MS and CSE

  • USSD call-back for pre-paid roaming 
  • Control & enquiry of IN services

Control of north American carrier information

  • Enhances pre-paid· 
  • CSE based carrier selection
  • Selecting correct long distance network for user interaction

Notification of supplementary service (CCBS, ECT, CD and MPTY) invocation to CSE

  • · Fraud control

Call Gapping

  • · To control CSE overload situations within HPLMN

For CS calls only. Not for SMS or GPRS.

MT call triggering in VMSC-B

  • · To control MT supplementary services (CW, hold, CF, CD, ECT, MPTY)

  • · Pre-paid for MT air-time charge (1st minute free, e.g. in USA)

Abandon as an EDP-R

  • · Improves charging

Enhanced FreeFormatCharging data (40 octets -> 160 octets)

  • · Makes the CSE service logic easier

Reporting of MSRN/FTN to CSE

  • · Charging control of optimally routed calls

CSE-HLR interface: ATM/ATSI/NSDC

  • Multiple Subscriber Profile phase 2
  • CSE can control CF, barring supplementary services.
  • Off-line subscription control based on VPLMN / time-of-day
  • Virtual operators

Subscribed dialled services (D-CSI)

  • · HPLMN specific service numbers

· No call supervision

Serving Network Dialled services (N-CSI)

  • · VPLMN specific service numbers

· No call supervision

SMS control (CS+PS)

  • · Enhances pre-paid.

  • · Enhances VPN

· Not content based

Inter-working with GPRS

  • · GPRS pre-paid

· Not content based

CS Mobility management notifications

  • · CSE can monitor location / reachability

Service Interaction Indicators

  • · CSE can control inter-working with supplementary services (CW, hold, CF, CD, ECT, MPTY).

  • · Multiple subscriber profile phase 2

Interactions with Optimal Routing

  • · CSE can control usage of OR

Call Party Handling

  • Wake-up calls 
  • Conference calling
  • Parallel hunting
  • Click-to dial
  • IN based CCBS

Mid call procedure for MO and MT calls

  •  Control CPH configuration during call.
  • Automatic call collect

CAMEL for IMS

  • IMS pre-paid
  • Convergence to CS and GPRS services

Inclusion of flexible tone injection

  • Enhancements of pre-paid warning tones
  • Various informative tones

  •  

Provision of location information of called subscriber (Alerting phase)

  • The location of B-subscriber at the beginning of the call provided to service logic

Notification of GPRS mobility management to CSE

  • CSE can monitor location / reachability in PS side

Inclusion of ODB data in the CSE-HLR interface

  • Enhancement of MSP ph 2

Location information during an ongoing call (Handover DP)

  • Charging based on current location, for inter-PLMN and/or inter-system handovers

Transfer of the IMEI (with software version) and MS class mark to the CSE

  • allow the gsmSCF to determine information about the capabilities of the ME

Any Time Interrogation from CSE to MNP-SRF

  • Number portability query for prepay calls

Partial implementation of CAMEL phase 4

  • A functional entity (VMSC, GMSC or SGSN) may support the complete CAMEL phase4 functionality or, as a network option, it may support the complete CAMEL phase3 functionality and a partial implementation of CAMEL phase4.

4.2 CAMEL phase 4 additions in Release 6

Enhancements of Dialled Services

·Full control of Dialled Services

 

Full CAMEL4 prepay support for SCUDIF

·The capability to report basic service code changes during ongoing call.

 

Change of position procedure armed with criteria

· Technical enhancement to reduce the signalling load