Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Who Should Use This Specification
• Before You Read This Specification
• Shell Prompts
• Table Conventions
• Typographic Conventions
• Related Documentation
• Acknowledgements
• Third-Party Web Sites
• Access to Oracle Support
• Documentation Accessibility
• Oracle Welcomes Your Comments

1 Introduction

• 1.1 Motivation
• 1.2 The Java Card Virtual Machine
• 1.3 Java Language Security
• 1.4 Java Card Runtime Environment Security

2 A Subset of the Java Virtual Machine

• 2.1 Why a Subset is Needed
• 2.2 Java Card Platform Language Subset
  • 2.2.1 Unsupported Items
    • 2.2.1.1 Unsupported Features
      • 2.2.1.1.1 Dynamic Class Loading
      • 2.2.1.1.2 Security Manager
      • 2.2.1.1.3 Finalization
      • 2.2.1.1.4 Threads
      • 2.2.1.1.5 Cloning
      • 2.2.1.1.6 Access Control in Java Packages
      • 2.2.1.1.7 Typesafe Enums
      • 2.2.1.1.8 Enhanced for Loop
      • 2.2.1.1.9 Varargs
      • 2.2.1.1.10 Runtime Visible Metadata (Annotations)
      • 2.2.1.1.11 Assertions
    • 2.2.1.2 Unsupported Keywords
    • 2.2.1.3 Unsupported Types
    • 2.2.1.4 Unsupported Classes
      • 2.2.1.4.1 System
  • 2.2.2 Supported Items
    • 2.2.2.1 Supported Features
      • 2.2.2.1.1 Packages
      • 2.2.2.1.2 Dynamic Object Creation
      • 2.2.2.1.3 Virtual Methods
      • 2.2.2.1.4 Interfaces
      • 2.2.2.1.5 Exceptions
      • 2.2.2.1.6 Generics
      • 2.2.2.1.7 Static Import
      • 2.2.2.1.8 Runtime Invisible Metadata (Annotations)
    • 2.2.2.2 Supported Keywords
    • 2.2.2.3 Supported Types
    • 2.2.2.4 Supported Classes
      • 2.2.2.4.1 Object
      • 2.2.2.4.2 Throwable
  • 2.2.3 Optionally Supported Items
    • 2.2.3.1 Integer Data Type
    • 2.2.3.2 Object Deletion Mechanism
  • 2.2.4 Limitations of the Java Card Virtual Machine
    • 2.2.4.1 Limitations of Packages
      • 2.2.4.1.1 Package References
      • 2.2.4.1.2 Package Name
    • 2.2.4.2 Limitations of Classes
      • 2.2.4.2.1 Classes in a Package
      • 2.2.4.2.2 Interfaces
      • 2.2.4.2.3 Static Fields
      • 2.2.4.2.4 Static Methods
    • 2.2.4.3 Limitations of Objects
      • 2.2.4.3.1 Methods
      • 2.2.4.3.2 Class Instances
      • 2.2.4.3.3 Arrays
    • 2.2.4.4 Limitations of Methods
    • 2.2.4.5 Limitations of Switch Statements
    • 2.2.4.6 Limitations of Class Initialization
  • 2.2.5 Multiselectable Applets Restrictions
  • 2.2.6 Java Card Platform Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Restrictions
    • 2.2.6.1 Remote Classes and Remote Interfaces
    • 2.2.6.2 Access Control of Remote Interfaces
    • 2.2.6.3 Parameters and Return Values
• 2.3 Java Card VM Subset
  • 2.3.1 Class File Subset
    • 2.3.1.1 Not Supported in Class Files
      • 2.3.1.1.1 Class Access Flags
      • 2.3.1.1.2 Field Descriptors
      • 2.3.1.1.3 Constant Pool
      • 2.3.1.1.4 Fields
      • 2.3.1.1.5 Methods
    • 2.3.1.2 Supported in Class Files
      • 2.3.1.2.1 ClassFile
      • 2.3.1.2.2 Field Descriptors
      • 2.3.1.2.3 Method Descriptors
      • 2.3.1.2.4 Constant Pool
      • 2.3.1.2.5 Fields
      • 2.3.1.2.6 Methods
      • 2.3.1.2.7 Attributes
  • 2.3.2 Bytecode Subset
    • 2.3.2.1 Unsupported Bytecodes
    • 2.3.2.2 Supported Bytecodes
    • 2.3.2.3 Static Restrictions on Bytecodes
      • 2.3.2.3.1 ldc, ldc_w
      • 2.3.2.3.2 lookupswitch
      • 2.3.2.3.3 tableswitch
      • 2.3.2.3.4 wide
  • 2.3.3 Exceptions
    • 2.3.3.1 Uncaught and Uncatchable Exceptions
    • 2.3.3.2 Checked Exceptions
    • 2.3.3.3 Runtime Exceptions
    • 2.3.3.4 Errors

3 Structure of the Java Card Virtual Machine

• 3.1 Data Types and Values
• 3.2 Words
• 3.3 Runtime Data Areas
• 3.4 Contexts
• 3.5 Frames
• 3.6 Representation of Objects
• 3.7 Special Initialization Methods
• 3.8 Exceptions
• 3.9 Binary File Formats
• 3.10 Instruction Set Summary
  • 3.10.1 Types and the Java Card Virtual Machine

4 Binary Representation

• 4.1 Java Card Platform File Formats
  • 4.1.1 Export File Format
  • 4.1.2 CAP File Format
  • 4.1.3 JAR File Container
• 4.2 AID-based Naming
  • 4.2.1 The AID Format
  • 4.2.2 AID Usage
• 4.3 Token-based Linking
  • 4.3.1 Externally Visible Items
  • 4.3.2 Private Tokens
  • 4.3.3 The Export File and Conversion
  • 4.3.4 References – External and Internal
  • 4.3.5 Installation and Linking
  • 4.3.6 Token Assignment
  • 4.3.7 Token Details
    • 4.3.7.1 Package
    • 4.3.7.2 Classes and Interfaces
    • 4.3.7.3 Static Fields
    • 4.3.7.4 Static Methods and Constructors
    • 4.3.7.5 Instance Fields
    • 4.3.7.6 Virtual Methods
    • 4.3.7.7 Interface Methods
• 4.4 Binary Compatibility
• 4.5 Package Versions
  • 4.5.1 Assigning
  • 4.5.2 Linking

5 The Export File Format

• 5.1 Export File Name
• 5.2 Containment in a JAR File
• 5.3 Ownership
• 5.4 Hierarchies Represented
• 5.5 Export File
• 5.6 Constant Pool
  • 5.6.1 CONSTANT_Package
  • 5.6.2 CONSTANT_Classref
  • 5.6.3 CONSTANT_Integer
  • 5.6.4 CONSTANT_Utf8
• 5.7 Classes and Interfaces
• 5.8 Fields
• 5.9 Methods
• 5.10 Attributes
  • 5.10.1 ConstantValue Attribute

6 The CAP File Format

• 6.1 CAP File Overview
• 6.2 Component Model
  • 6.2.1 Containment in a JAR File
  • 6.2.2 Defining New Components
• 6.3 Installation
• 6.4 Header Component
• 6.5 Directory Component
• 6.6 Applet Component
• 6.7 Import Component
• 6.8 Constant Pool Component
  • 6.8.1 CONSTANT_Classref
  • 6.8.2 CONSTANT_InstanceFieldref, CONSTANT_VirtualMethodref, and CONSTANT_SuperMethodref
  • 6.8.3 CONSTANT_StaticFieldref and CONSTANT_StaticMethodref
• 6.9 Class Component
  • 6.9.1 type_descriptor
  • 6.9.2 interface_info and class_info
    • 6.9.2.1 interface_info and class_info Shared Items
    • 6.9.2.2 interface_info Items
    • 6.9.2.3 class_info Items
    • 6.9.2.4 implemented_interface_info
    • 6.9.2.5 remote_interface_info
• 6.10 Method Component
  • 6.10.1 Exception Handler Example
  • 6.10.2 exception_handler_info
  • 6.10.3 method_info
• 6.11 Static Field Component
• 6.12 Reference Location Component
• 6.13 Export Component
• 6.14 Descriptor Component
  • 6.14.1 class_descriptor_info
  • 6.14.2 field_descriptor_info
  • 6.14.3 method_descriptor_info
  • 6.14.4 type_descriptor_info
• 6.15 Debug Component
  • 6.15.1 The class_debug_info Structure
    • 6.15.1.1 The field_debug_info Structure
    • 6.15.1.2 The method_debug_info Structure

7 Java Card Virtual Machine Instruction Set

• 7.1 Assumptions: The Meaning of “Must”
• 7.2 Reserved Opcodes
• 7.3 Virtual Machine Errors
• 7.4 Security Exceptions
• 7.5 The Java Card Virtual Machine Instruction Set
  • 7.5.1 aaload
  • 7.5.2 aastore
  • 7.5.3 aconst_null
  • 7.5.4 aload
  • 7.5.5 aload_<n>
  • 7.5.6 anewarray
  • 7.5.7 areturn
  • 7.5.8 arraylength
  • 7.5.9 astore
  • 7.5.10 astore_<n>
  • 7.5.11 athrow
  • 7.5.12 baload
  • 7.5.13 bastore
  • 7.5.14 bipush
  • 7.5.15 bspush
  • 7.5.16 checkcast
  • 7.5.17 dup
  • 7.5.18 dup_x
  • 7.5.19 dup2
  • 7.5.20 getfield_<t>
  • 7.5.21 getfield_<t>_this
  • 7.5.22 getfield_<t>_w
  • 7.5.23 getstatic_<t>
  • 7.5.24 goto
  • 7.5.25 goto_w
  • 7.5.26 i2b
  • 7.5.27 i2s
  • 7.5.28 iadd
  • 7.5.29 iaload
  • 7.5.30 iand
  • 7.5.31 iastore
  • 7.5.32 icmp
  • 7.5.33 iconst_<i>
  • 7.5.34 idiv
  • 7.5.35 if_acmp<cond>
  • 7.5.36 if_acmp<cond>_w
  • 7.5.37 if_scmp<cond>
  • 7.5.38 if_scmp<cond>_w
  • 7.5.39 if<cond>
  • 7.5.40 if<cond>_w
  • 7.5.41 ifnonnull
  • 7.5.42 ifnonnull_w
  • 7.5.43 ifnull
  • 7.5.44 ifnull_w
  • 7.5.45 iinc
  • 7.5.46 iinc_w
  • 7.5.47 iipush
  • 7.5.48 iload
  • 7.5.49 iload_<n>
  • 7.5.50 ilookupswitch
  • 7.5.51 imul
  • 7.5.52 ineg
  • 7.5.53 instanceof
  • 7.5.54 invokeinterface
  • 7.5.55 invokespecial
  • 7.5.56 invokestatic
  • 7.5.57 invokevirtual
  • 7.5.58 ior
  • 7.5.59 irem
  • 7.5.60 ireturn
  • 7.5.61 ishl
  • 7.5.62 ishr
  • 7.5.63 istore
  • 7.5.64 istore_<n>
  • 7.5.65 isub
  • 7.5.66 itableswitch
  • 7.5.67 iushr
  • 7.5.68 ixor
  • 7.5.69 jsr
  • 7.5.70 new
  • 7.5.71 newarray
  • 7.5.72 nop
  • 7.5.73 pop
  • 7.5.74 pop2
  • 7.5.75 putfield_<t>
  • 7.5.76 putfield_<t>_this
  • 7.5.77 putfield_<t>_w
  • 7.5.78 putstatic_<t>
  • 7.5.79 ret
  • 7.5.80 return
  • 7.5.81 s2b
  • 7.5.82 s2i
  • 7.5.83 sadd
  • 7.5.84 saload
  • 7.5.85 sand
  • 7.5.86 sastore
  • 7.5.87 sconst_<s>
  • 7.5.88 sdiv
  • 7.5.89 sinc
  • 7.5.90 sinc_w
  • 7.5.91 sipush
  • 7.5.92 sload
  • 7.5.93 sload_<n>
  • 7.5.94 slookupswitch
  • 7.5.95 smul
  • 7.5.96 sneg
  • 7.5.97 sor
  • 7.5.98 srem
  • 7.5.99 sreturn
  • 7.5.100 sshl
  • 7.5.101 sshr
  • 7.5.102 sspush
  • 7.5.103 sstore
  • 7.5.104 sstore_<n>
  • 7.5.105 ssub
  • 7.5.106 stableswitch
  • 7.5.107 sushr
  • 7.5.108 swap_x
  • 7.5.109 sxor

8 Tables of Instructions

• 8.1 Instructions by Opcode Value
• 8.2 Instructions by Opcode Mnemonic

Glossary

Index